Vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus



(N0 Model.) 3 SheetsSheet 1.

. H. T. YARYAN.

VACUUM EVAPORATING AND DISTILLING APPARATUS.

Patented Dec. 28, 1886.

VV/TNESSES Wqslzj Royce.

(No Model.) A Y 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

I H.T.YARYAN. VACUUM EVAPORATI-NG AND DISTILLING APPARATUS.

N0. 355,290.v Patented Dec. 28, 1886.

Fig.3.

WITNESSES. I %NTDR Wmslzy Roy c z (No Model.)

3 SheetsSheet 3.

H. T. YARYAN. VACUUM EVAPORATING AND DISTILLING APPARATUS. No. 355,290. Patented Dean-28,1886.

WITNESSES.

We, slay Roy c c fiA-W 300,185, (which Letters Patent may be consid- --Fig. 7, a central vertical section of tail-pipe the several views.

'i-uafter described, and illustrated in the ac- HOMER T. YARYAN,

VACUUM EVAPORATlNG AN TENT OF TOLEDO, OHIO.

o .DISTI LLENG APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 355,290, dated December 28, 1886.

Serial No. 194,609. (No model.)

To'all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, HOMER T. YARYAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Toledo, Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vacuum Evaporating and Distilling Apparatus, of which the following is a specification. I

The object of my invention is to improve the apparatus patented to me'June 10, 1884:, by United States Letters Patent numbered ered in connect-ion herewith) so asto increase the efficiency, capacity, facility of regulation, uniformity of product, and economy of construction and operation of such apparatus, as hereinafter described. Iattain these objects by means of the devices and arrangement herecompanying drawings, made part hereof, in which- Figure 1 is a right-hand side elevation of my device as applied to a double-effect apparatus; Fig. 2, an end elevation of the same; Fig. 3, a plan view of the same; Fig. 4, alefthand side elevation of part of the same, partly in section; Fig. 5,- .a side elevation of automatic feed device; Fig. 6, a plan of same;

and trap; Fig.S, a sectional plan of separat ing-chamber, showihg dash plates; and Fig. 9 a transverse'section of the same on line as m.

' Like letters refer to likeparts throughout' In the apparatus described in said original Patent numbered 300,185,the fluid to be evapo-' rated is fed into a coiled pipe-connected with a vacuum-pump and surrounded by steam or other heating medium. In its course through said pipe the fluid gives ofl' in vapor its volatile constituents,'and the vapor and fluid are discharged into a separating-chamber, from whence the vapor passes over either to a condenser, or to the outer air, while the evaporated substance is withdrawn from the separating-chamber by a tail pipe or pump, making the evaporating process continuous. In

to be evaporated may be inclosed in,-a larger tities, I find that it is not practicable to do so by increasing to any considerable extent either the diameter orlength of the pipe constituting my evaporating-coils, for the following reasons: first, the coils being usually of copper, the increase of thickness and weight of metal requisite as the diameter of he pipe is increased renders the cost as well as the bulk ,and weight of the enlarged coil entirely disproportionate to the increase of capacity; second, unless the diameter or area of the pipe is restricted,a sufficient current of vapor will not be formed to throw the liquid being evaporated into commotion, so as toconstantly bathe the whole inner surface of the coil, which is absolute] y necessary to insure the greatest efficiency of heating-surface and to prevent coating and clogging of thecoil; third, in coils composed of pipe of uniform, diameter a uniform degree of vacuum and heat cannot be maintained throughout the coil,'ow1ng to the constantlyincreasing volume, pressure, and friction of the vapor as it progresses toward the separating-chamber; fourth, when the coil is of too great length, the friction of the contained fluid and vapor amounts to several inches of mercury, or, in other words, a vacuum-gage connected with the outlet will mark some inches higher than one connected with the inlet, which results in unduly heating the substance contained in the inferior vacuum, and

in consequent injury tothe product.

To overcome the difficulties here explained I adopt as a'standard vaporizing-coil one of about seventy-five feet in length of pipe,'s'tarting at the inlet with a diameter of about two and one-half inches, increasing gradually, to correspond with the increasing volume of vapor formed,"to about four inches at outlet. I do not, however, limit my. vaporizing-coils 'to these dimensions, though I find that in a sinapparatus may be Q gle coil they give entirely satisfactory results,

' coil is in practice limited; but by multiplying these coils of uniform size and capacity and connecting their out-lets with a separatingchamber common to all the capacity of the increased to any desired extent.

In my application for a patentfor a vacuum distillation apparatus, filed February 15, 1886, I describe and claim several vaporizing-tubes inclosed within a single cylinder and terminating in a common separating-chamber,which is a modification of the means herein shown for utilizing a single separating-chamber in connection with two or more evaporating-coils;

i In the drawings, A is the outer and a, Fig." 4,, the inner pipe of my coils. These pipes I prefer to arrange as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, instead of spirally, as being more economical of space, less expensive, more easily put together, providing convenient means of enlarging the area of the pipes progressively, and affording ready access to the interiorof the coils for inspectionand cleansing. For convenience in building up my coils one pipe within an another, I employ straight pipes of proper diameter and suitable lengths, placed horizontally and arranged in series in a vertical plane, so that the pipe of smallest area in crosssection shall be at top, that of the next to the smallest area immediately beneath it, and so on, the

pipe 'or section of pipe of largest area being at the bottornof the coil. The lengths composing the inner or vaporizing pipe or coil,a, are threaded at each end, one end being screwed into return bend a, the other end having screwed upon it a T-coupling, a. The first and second sections of pipe a (commencing at top) are connected by a right and left nipple, a, Fig. 4, screwed into T-couplings a, the. second and third lengths are united by a return-bend, a, the third and fourth lengths of said pipe a are connected in the same manner as the first and second, and the fourth-and fifth lengths in the same manner as the second and thir'd,and so on. The sections of the outer pipe, A, are at one end threaded and screwed into return-bend A, and at the opposite end flanged and bolted to corresponding flanges on the steam box or head A. Said box or head' is provided with a plate or door, A", upon the inner side of which are projecting horizontal plates, A, which,when the door is closed, form partitions, causing steam or other heating medium contained in coil A toxfollow its meanderings to and-fro from inlet to,out1et.

As many other methods of building up flat coils, one pipe within another, will readily suggest themselves, I do not limit the coils' ih question to. the construction here shown,

for inspection and cleansing;

under treatment depends upon the amount of fluid supplied to the coils within a given time, and as a uniform product is essential, it is necessary that the quantity of fluid supplied to each of the several coils shall be the same, and that suchquantit-y shall be'constant and unvarying, and that when any change in the feed occurs each coil shall be aflTected alike. To attain this regular and uniform feed, I provide the mechanism shown on an enlarged scale in Figs. 5 and 6, in which F is the supply tank containing the liquid'to be evaporated, from which leads pipef to stand-pipe G, the bottom of which is below the bottom of tank 13. In pipe f isa butterfly-valve, g, controlled by a lever.- A cord or chain passing over vertito said lever and has suspended from its other end and within stand-pipe G a float, k. From the bottom of stand-pi peG nozzles l, of uniform 4 opening, discharge. into separate compartments of feed-box L, there being a noizle'and each compartment of feed-box L leads pipem to its propereoil, a, leading into the top outer coil,'A, of the series marked Y Z, as shown in Figs. 2 and'3.

In pipe at is a butterfly-valve, a, controlled by lever and float 0, Fig. 6. The pulley andv cord t, suspended float k, and leverto valve to be treated is admitted to stand-pipe G, where the column of fluid is automatically maintained at any desired height and consequent pressure, regardless of the quantity in the supply-tank, by means of float k, which as it rises closes valve and as it falls opens said valve. The feed to each of the compartments of feed-box L, through nozzles l, is the same. By means of valves a and floats and is permitted to be drawn into the coifs; but if either of the compartments run empty the float taining the vacuum in the coils.

In treating fluids containing foreign sub; stances valves and pipes of the feeding apparatus sometimes become clogged, and one of the advantagesof having nozzles 1 empty into 'feed-box L, instead of leading directly to the coils is thatthe streams from the nozzles into the box may be seen, thus furnishing a sightfeed. When these streamsflow smooth, shining, and cylindrical, the operator knows that each coil is receiving its proper supply. When directed to an obstruction to be removed.

regulation of the supply to tank F, said tank will run over. To obviate this I provide said tank with float 11, Fig." 5, attached to arm of cally-adj ustable pulley i is attached at one end a compartment for each coil to be fed. .From

g being adjusted in proper position, the Mid a stream flows'rough and ragged, attention is though Iprefer this form for its couv enience As the degree of concentration of .the fluid levers call the fluid fed into said compartments I I and; lever 0 fall, closing the valve, this main- .It sometimes happens that, by reason of ob structions in the feeding apparatus or improper valve q in overflow-pipe g, so arranged that when the fluid in the tank reaches a given height said valve is opened and the excess of fluid is drawn through said valve and pipe q to the supply-pump H, Fig. 4, to be returned to the tank either directly or through the priinary coil X of a double-effect apparatus, (in the latter manner in the apparatus illustrated in the drawings.) When floatp falls,valve q is closed, preventing the supply-pump from taking air through said overflow-pipe.

Vacuum or vaporizing coil (1 connects by means of pipes b, Figs. 1 and 3, with separating-chamber B or B, as the case may be, provided with dash-plates I), (see Figs. 8 and 9,) which extend alternately from opposite sides of the chamber nearly across the same; or the plates may have openings on opposite sides, so as to form a tortuous passage whereby the partially-reduced liquid is brought into contact with the plates and thereby separated from the vapor. The liquid passes through openings j at the bottoms of the plates,and thence off by either pipe d or e,leading from the bottoms of separating-chambers B B, while the vapor flows on through the side openings and then passes off through either pipe b or b',leading from the tops of chambers B B. By means of the enlarged separatingehanibers B B, having dash-plates, as described, the vapors are rapidly expanded and separated from the hot concentrated liquid. Hot vapor or steam passes from the first scparating-chamber, B, through pipes 11 b b at the top, Figs. 1 and 3, into the outer heating-pipes, A, of the series of coils, (marked Y Z,) serving thus to heat their interior vaporizing-coils, a, while the vapors separated in the second separating-chamber, B, are drawn off through pipe I) by exhaust-pump D.

The apparatus shown in the drawings, employing three vaporizing-coils, is so arranged that the first coil, (marked X,) receives the fluid to be evaporated from force-pump H through pipe 11, Figs. 2, 3, and 4., under a pressure of one or more atmospheres, and sothat the second and third coils,(marked Y and Z,) terminating in common separating chamber B, work under a partial vacuum, the heating medium in coils Y and Z being the hot vapor from the separating-chamber of coil X. The application ofthe double and triple efiect method to my system of continuous-vacuum distillation-that is, utilizing the heat of the vapor released from the contents of one coil in heating the contents of the next succeeding coil-is also shown and described in my said application filed February 15, 1886. In the apparatus there shown, however, all of the evaporation takes place under partial vacuum, which is necessary in the treatment of some solutions which would be injured by heat of more than 212 Fahrenheit, while in the apparatus here described, designed for the treatment'of liquids which such a degree of'heat would not injure, the first coil, X, isnot pro- ,interior pipes and contents.

-vided with any means for producing a vacuum therein, and I am not aware that the vapor from fluids evaporated under pressure of one or more atmospheres has heretofore been utilized in heating other evaporators, either un-.-

der pressure or in vacuo.

The further principalpa'rts of my apparatus may be pointed out in describing its operation, which is as follows: The fluid to be treated is taken from vat r, Fig. 2, by feed-pump H, and

forced through pipes h and a. of coil X, Fig. 4, being heated in its course by live steam from supply-pipe 8, Figs. 2 and'3, (the pressure of which is controlled by regulating-valve 'v,Fig. 3,) in the surrounding pipe A, and discharging with the vapor generated into separatingchamber B',where the vapor and fluid are sepa: rated in their sinuous course between dashplates b", the reduced liquid passing out of separating-chamber down through interior pjpe,c, and up through exterior pipe, d, Figs.1 and 7, discharging into tank F. This arrangement of pipes c d forms a trap which prevents the vapor in separating-chamber B from blowing out with the liquid,compelling the vapor from chamber Bto seek egress through pipe and branches 1) b 1), Fig.3, into exterior pipes, A, of coils Y and Z,to beutilized in heating their Invaporiiingpipes aofcoilsYand Z and the commonseparat= ing-chamber B ofsaid coilsa vacuum is maintained by exhaust-pump D,Fig.2,and by means of this vacuum liquid is drawn from feedbox L through pipes at intoeach of said pipes a of coils Y and Z, Fig. 3, in equal quantities. In its course through said pipes a in oacuo the volatile constituents of the liquid are'further vaporized, and the vapor and remaining liquid of both coils are discharged into their common separating-chamber B, the vapor .being carried over through pipe b to exhaust-pump I), while the reduced fluid is trapped or pumped away from tail-pipe e by tail-pipe pump E in such manner as not to break the vacuum coil and chamber.-

- Inthe device shown the several pumps are arranged so to exhaust their steam as to utilize the same for heating into outer pipe, A, of the coils.

From the above description it will be understood that the course of the liquid through the apparatus is as follows It is drawn at first from vat r and forced by pump H under pressure through pjpe h into interior vaporizingcoil,a, of the series of coils marked X,from the lower end vapor is separated. The partially-reduced liquid then flows on by the'trapped tail-pipe c 11, Figs. 1, 2, and '7, into the receiving and supply tank Fla. Now, since a partial vacuum is maintained in the series of coils marked Y Z by 'the exhaust-pump D connecting with sepaof which itpasses in a heated state into the firstseparating-chamber,B,where the rating-chamber, B, the liquid will be readily drawn into .such evaporating-coils, therefore the partially'reduced liquid flows by gravity from tank F into float-chamber G, thence through nozzles 1 into the separate 'compartments of feed-box L, and thence by the two pipes m up into the upper sections of the evaporating-pipes a of the series ,of coils marked Y Z. Alter passage through the evaporatingcoils the liquid passes by pipes I) into separating-chambcr B, from which it is drawn off in a concentrated condition through pipe e by means of pump E.

\Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is v I 1. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, the vaporizing pipe or coil a, havin ro 'ressivel wincreasin area from inlet to outlet, in combination with means for supplying it with liquid, a separating-chamber connecting withits outlet end, and a connected exhauster, substantially as and for thepurpose described. r l

2'. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, two or more vaporizing-coils, a, of gradually-increasing area from inlet to outlet, connecting with au'd discharging into a common separating-chamber which connectswith an exhauster, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, the herein-described arrangement of sections of pipe and their connections, constituting a vaporizing-coil, a, and outer heating-coil, A, in combination with a separatingchamber having a vapor-escapepipe' and a trapped liquid-discharge pipe, substantially and for the purpose described.

4. In avacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, the herein-described arrangement of pipe and their connections, composed of in ner vaporizing-coil, a, and outer heating-coil, A, incombination with head A, having division-plates A, and plate or door A subreduced fluid from said chamber of the vapor therefrom,

shown and described, for the purpose set forth.

stantiallyas and for the purpose described.

5. One or more vaporizing-coils, a, sur-- rounded by a heating medium and discharging into separating-chamberB', provided with means for forcing the fluid to be evaporated through such coil or coils, in combination with one or more additional vaporizingcoils? a, surrounded by a. heating medium and discharging into separating-chamber B, provided with means for producing a vacuum within said latter coils and chamber B, the space surrounding said latter coil or-coils being connected with said chamber B by suitable pipeconnections, substantially as shown and described, for the purposes specified.

I, 6. One or more coils, a, surrounded by a heating medium discharging into a separating-chamber, B, provided with means for forcing the fluid to be evaporated through said coil or coils, and means forwithdrawi-ng the B without permitting the escape in combination with one or more coils, a;

heated by vapor from said chamber B, saidlatter coil or coils and chamber B being provided' with means for producing a vacuum therein, and means for withdrawing the reduced fluid from said'ehamber B, substantially as shown and described, for the purposes specified.

7. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling" apparatus, in combination with the vaporizingcoil a and connected separating-chamber B, having a vapor-escape pipe, the liquiddischarge trap c (1, leading from said separatingchamber, and a receiving-tank, substantially as and for the purpose described.

8. In avacuum evaporating and distilling,

apparatus, the combination of force-pump H,

coil X, separating-chamber B, trap e (Z, vaporpipe I), coils Y Z, separating-chamber B, tailpipe pump E, vapor-pipe b, and exhaust-pump D, substantially as shown and described, for thepurposcs set forth.

9. In a vacuunrev'aporatiug and distilling apparatus, thestand-pipe G, having a supplypipe; and means for maintaining the liquid therein at a uniform height, in combination with open discharge-nozzles l and open feedbox L, whereby a sight-feed is provided, substantially as and for the purpose described.

10. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, the means for delivering a regular and constant supply ofliquid to beevaporntcd, and the exposed nozzl'eslas asight-feed, in combination with a feed-box and valved pipes 111, leading therefrom to the "aporizing-coils, and an exhauster connected with the outlet ends of such coils, substantially as and for the purpose described.

11. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, feed-box L, having for each vacuum-coil to be fed a separate compartment provided'with float and lever 0, and valve a, substantially as shown and described, for the purposes specified.

12. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, the combination of supply-pipef, valve and lever 9, connected to float k, adjustable pulley i, stand-pipe G, and nozzles I, with feed-box L, floats and levers 0, valves n, and feed-pipes m, substantially as shown and described, for the purpose specified.

13. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, tank F, provided with float and lever 1), Valve q, and overflow-pipe q, in combination with force-pump H and evaporatingcoil as of series X, whereby an excess of liquid discharged into tank F may be returned to the vaporizing-coil at its inlet end, substantially as described.

14. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, tank F, provided with float and lever 11, valve q, and overflow-pipe q, in combination withmeans for delivering a regular and constant supply of liquid to the evaporatjug-coils, and-an exhauster connecting with V the outlet ends of such coils, substantially as 15. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, coils Y Z, in combination with stand-pipe G, valveg, float k, cord and adjust-1o means for delivering to each of said coils an able pulley '1', nozzles Z, feed-box L, float and equal, regular, and constant supply of thefluid valve 0 n, and feed-pipes m, substantially as to be evaporated, a separating-chamber, and shown and described, for-the purposes setforth.

an exhauster connecting with the outlet ends T of said coils, substantially. as shown and de- HOMER XARYAN' scribed, for the purposes set forth. Witnesses:

16. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling P. H. DoWLINo apparatus, coils Y Z, in combination with B. A. HAYES. 

